Diabetes is a complex chronic condition that affects various aspects of an individual's health, including the feet. One common issue that people with diabetes often face is a higher susceptibility to fungal nail infections, medically known as onychomycosis. Fungal infections in the nails cannot only be painful and unsightly but can potentially lead to more severe foot complications if left untreated. Read on why diabetics are more prone to fungal nail infections and what treatment options are available.
Why Are Diabetics Prone to Fungal Nail Infections?
Diabetics are at an increased risk of developing fungal nail infections due to several factors associated with diabetes:
Weakened Immune System: Diabetes can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to combat infections, including fungal nail infections.
Poor Circulation: Individuals with diabetes often have compromised blood circulation, particularly in the feet. Poor blood flow can reduce the body's ability to effectively fight off infections and slow down the healing process.
Neuropathy: Diabetic neuropathy, a condition characterized by pain, numbness, and tingling sensations especially worse at night. Nerve damage can reduce sensation in the feet. This lack of sensation can make it difficult for individuals to detect early signs of a fungal infection, allowing it to progress.
Elevated Blood Sugar Levels: High blood sugar levels create an ideal environment for fungi to thrive, as sugar is a source of energy for these organisms.
Microtrauma: People with diabetes may experience small injuries or microtrauma to the nails or surrounding skin. These injuries can provide entry points for fungi, facilitating infection. Diabetics should take care to wear shoes with a deep toe box to prevent injury to the toes.
Treatment Options for Fungal Nail Infections in Diabetics:
Treating fungal nail infections in individuals with diabetes requires a comprehensive approach to effectively manage the condition and prevent potential complications. Here are some treatment options:
Topical Antifungal Medications: These medications are applied directly to the infected nails. While they may be effective for very new or mild cases, they often need to be used consistently over a long period for optimal results.
Oral Antifungal Medications: In more severe cases, oral antifungal medications may be prescribed. These medications are typically more effective and have a higher success rate in treating fungal nail infections.
Laser Therapy: Laser treatment for fungal nails involves using a laser to target and destroy the fungus without harming the surrounding tissue. It's a safe and non-invasive option that may be suitable for some individuals.
Nail Debridement: A podiatrist can trim and thin the infected nails, reducing the fungal load and improving the effectiveness of topical or oral antifungal treatments.
Combination Therapy: Some cases may require a combination of treatments, such as a topical antifungal along with oral medication and laser therapy, for a more comprehensive approach to treating the infection.
Proper Foot Care: Maintaining good foot hygiene is crucial. Regularly washing and drying the feet, keeping nails trimmed, and changing socks daily can help prevent further infections and promote healing.
Footwear and Socks: Diabetics should wear breathable footwear and moisture-wicking socks to create an environment less conducive to fungal growth. Avoiding tight-fitting shoes and going barefoot is also recommended.
Individuals with diabetes need to consult a podiatrist or healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. Early detection and prompt treatment of fungal nail infections are vital to prevent complications and maintain optimal foot health. Regular foot exams, proactive foot care, and diabetes management are key steps in reducing the risk of fungal nail infections and ensuring overall well-being. If you are diabetic and are concerned you may have a fungal infection, give us a call at 207-774-0028 to schedule an appointment.
