Peripheral neuropathy is a condition characterized by nerve dysfunction that can affect the nerves outside of the spinal column. Peripheral neuropathy is a very general term for nerve damage or injury with a host of symptoms. Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by several conditions including diabetes, trauma, vitamin deficiency, alcohol use, shingles (herpes zoster), Lyme disease, and hepatitis C. It often manifests with a range of symptoms that can vary in intensity and location.
Numbness and Tingling
One of the primary symptoms of peripheral neuropathy is the sensation of numbness or tingling, often described as a "pins and needles" feeling. This sensation can occur in the hands, feet, arms, or legs and may be constant or intermittent. Patients may experience symptoms in their toes first. Most often these sensations are more noticeable at night after getting into bed.
Burning or Shooting Pain
Many individuals with peripheral neuropathy experience pain, which can be described as burning, shooting, or electric-like. The pain may be localized to a specific area or radiate along the affected nerve pathway.
Sensory Loss
Peripheral neuropathy can lead to a loss of sensation, making it difficult to feel temperature changes, touch, or pain in the affected areas. This sensory loss can increase the risk of injury, as individuals may not be aware of pressure, heat, or sharp objects. Patients need to wear shoes when walking across hot sand or driveways.
Muscle Weakness
Nerve damage in peripheral neuropathy can impact muscle strength and control. Weakness in the affected muscles, particularly in the hands or feet, may make it challenging to perform everyday tasks or maintain balance and coordination. Patients with neuropathy are at increased risk of falling due to decreased balance.
Changes in Reflexes
Reflexes may be affected by peripheral neuropathy. Deep tendon reflexes, such as the knee jerk reflex, may be diminished or absent when tested by a healthcare professional.
Sensitivity to Touch
Some individuals with peripheral neuropathy may experience hypersensitivity to touch. Even light pressure or gentle touch can cause pain or discomfort in the affected areas. Walking on rough or uneven surfaces can be very uncomfortable.
Balance Problems
Nerve damage in the legs and feet can affect balance and stability. Individuals may feel unsteady on their feet, have difficulty walking, or be prone to falls.
Changes in skin and nails
Peripheral neuropathy can affect the health and appearance of the skin, hair, and nails in the affected areas. Skin may become dry, cracked, or excessively sweaty, and nails may become brittle or discolored making them prone to fungus.
Autonomic Symptoms
In certain cases, peripheral neuropathy can also involve the autonomic nerves, leading to additional symptoms such as changes in blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, and bladder control.
Peripheral neuropathy can present with a diverse range of symptoms, and individuals may experience a combination of these warning signs. If you notice any persistent or concerning symptoms related to nerve function, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or neurologist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Early detection and intervention can help manage symptoms, prevent further nerve damage, and improve overall quality of life. Contact us to learn more or to schedule an appointment.
